Virus is a type of malicious software that, when executed, replicates by inserting copies of itself into other computer programs, data files, or the boot sector of the hard drive. Viruses can cause significant damage by corrupting data, disrupting operations, and spreading to other systems.

How Viruses Work

Viruses attach themselves to legitimate programs or files and activate when the host program is executed. They can spread through various means, such as email attachments, infected websites, and removable media.

Types of Viruses

• File Infectors: Attach to executable files and spread when the infected file is run.
• Macro Viruses: Infect documents and spreadsheets that use macros, spreading through shared files and email attachments.
• Boot Sector Viruses: Infect the master boot record of a hard drive, activating when the system is booted.
• Polymorphic Viruses: Change their code with each infection to evade detection by antivirus software.
• Metamorphic Viruses: Rewrites their code entirely each time they infect a new host, making detection even more difficult.

Consequences of Virus Infections

• Data Corruption: Viruses can corrupt or delete files, leading to data loss and system instability.
• System Performance Issues: Infected systems may experience slowdowns, crashes, and other performance problems.
• Spread to Other Systems: Viruses can spread to other computers and networks, causing widespread damage.
• Security Breaches: Some viruses are designed to steal sensitive information, leading to security breaches and identity theft.

Preventing Virus Infections

• Use Antivirus Software: Regularly scan your computer with updated antivirus software to detect and remove viruses.
• Update Software: Keep your operating system and applications up to date with the latest security patches.
• Be Cautious with Email Attachments: Avoid opening email attachments from unknown or suspicious sources.
• Enable Firewalls: Use firewalls to block unauthorized access to your network and devices.
• Backup Your Data: Regularly back up important data to ensure it can be restored in case of a virus infection.